A substrate is a base material on which products are constructed or functional layers are applied in manufacturing.
In manufacturing, substrates serve as foundational layers that provide mechanical support or serve as a starting point for additional processing. Substrates can be made from various materials, including metals, ceramics, and polymers, and are critical in applications such as printed circuit boards (PCBs) and semiconductor devices.
A printed circuit board substrate typically made from FR-4, a material composed of woven fiberglass cloth with an epoxy resin binder.
Commonly used in electronic products due to its excellent insulating properties and mechanical strength. For instance, FR-4 substrates are used in motherboards and other electronic gadgets.
A silicon substrate used in semiconductor fabrication, measuring 300 mm in diameter.
Widely employed in the production of integrated circuits, providing a stable platform for both electronic and photonic devices. Silicon substrates are essential in the manufacture of processors and memory chips.